OMG! What have we done!

Growing trees and creating new environments is a slow process. Those who work closely with an area rarely notice the changes as the vegetation grows and the fauna move in. It is not until you compare photographs of ‘how it was’ and ‘what it is now’ does the magnitude of the change become apparent.

Oct-1996The picture above shows an aerial shot of the Arboretum looking north towards Euroa taken in October 1996 from a light aircraft. Almost twenty years on technology has changed also. The picture below is almost the same scene, but it was taken by a remote-controlled drone last week. Key trees have been indicated with arrows.Feb-2015

We like living at the Arb
We like living at the Arb

There is no doubt that the employees, Friends and all concerned with the Arboretum have made a major change on the landscape. Just ask the family of endangered Diamond Firetails that have taken up residence in the new woodlands.

What a difference a planting or six makes! Try it.…

Shredders

One of the visual delights of summer is the new growth on the trees and shrubs. New eucalypt leaves in particular have a soft blue-green colour that I find more pleasing than the colour of the more mature leaves.
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DSCN3325-300x222DSCN4053-300x208So it was with some dismay when walking around the Arb recently that I found a lot of the young vegetation, particularly on the River Red Gums (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) lining the walking track, shredded. You may well ask, ‘What’s eating us at the Arb?’ and the answer would be, ‘At the moment, Christmas Beetles (Anoplognathus sp.).’ (pictured). And the Red Gums are festooned with them.

The larvae of the beetles feed on grass roots but the adults feed on eucalyptus leaves, creating the characteristic jagged ripped pattern (pictured left). These beetles feed in swarms on both the mature and young leaves and can cause extensive damage, particularly to plantations.

I remember as a kid in suburban Melbourne we used to collect these beetles by the handful (and put them down each other’s shirts). I hadn’t seen one in decades. I suspect they have been hiding at the Arb all that time.

DSCN5575-234x300…

Where the chicks are hanging out this summer

Most will be aware of the history of the Euroa Arboretum site – from the Grassy Woodlands of the indigenous Nira Balug clan, through a period of clearing into a rural landscape and then for six years as VicRoads depot. In 1994 the Euroa Council officially sanctioned the Euroa Arboretum Committee of Management. Since then work has continued to create an open space more in keeping with the original landscape.Diamond-Firetail-DSCN3269-300x188A good measure of the success of any rehabilitation effort is if the fauna come back and interact with the environment. An even better sign is if the fauna consider the environment good enough to raise a family in (a bit like humans). On this score the Arb must be doing something right. A saunter around the walking track this week revealed a woodland alive with small birds — adults and their chicks, making a racket.

The chattering was loudly led by Superb Fairy-Wren families and Willie Wagtails. They were joined by a flock of Diamond Firetails (Stagonopleura guttata) Diamond-Firetail-DSCN5543-300x239pictured above foraging through the grasses looking for ripened seeds. Firetails are one of the most spectacularly coloured of the finch family. The juveniles (pictured right) are duller in colour and typically have a black beak. The bill changes to red before the full adult plumage is attained. Unfortunately the Diamond Firetail is listed on the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Threatened List (2014). Encouragingly there were several chicks in the group.

DSCN5586-300x264Another group of chicks conspicuous by continually diving from a nearby tree into the Arb dam were White-plumed Honeyeaters (Lichenostomus penicillatus). These honeyeaters are endemic to mainland Australia and are found in open woodlands environments near water (just like the Arb). The chick pictured above had just finished its bath and had yet to dry out.

So the chicks this summer are hanging out at the Arb. Pretty good for a revegetated gravel pit!…

The cleaning is never done

DSCN3746-228x300Looking at the picture on the left, you could think that the crew at the Euroa Arboretum is a little too fanatical about cleanliness. Vacuuming the flowers indeed!

What Cathy Olive (at left), Project Manager at the Euroa Arboretum, is actually doing is collecting seed from the New Holland Daisy or Vittadenia cuneata at this moment using a portable vacuum cleaner.

The Euroa Arboretum uses native seed for propagating plants in the nursery and for supplying to customers who are undertaking revegetation projects involving techniques such as direct seeding. During November and December in particular seed is collected from plants growing in various locations in their natural environment.

DSCN9731-222x300The Arboretum also has several intensive seed production areas (SPAs). These aim to increase the genetic diversity and resilience of rare plants in our environment. The SPAs are designed in a way that makes the seed produced from these plants easy to collect. At the Arb we have several SPAs consisting of mounded beds covered with heavy-duty, UV-resistant plastic weave (see picture right). As the seed falls, it can be collected off this cover – even by sweeping it into a pile.

DSCN3724-300x269A recent addition to the SPAs has been raised box beds for propagating various types of daisies from seed. When the seeds are ready to harvest, they are manually picked (pictured left) or collected using a portable vacuum cleaner. The daisies will be used on our new grassland re-establishment project – more details to come!

Grandma always said to start the day with a neat and tidy bed. I am not sure that she meant a neat flower-bed. Or vacuuming.…

But where were the hosts?

The Butterfly Festival Family Fun Day was held under overcast skies at the Euroa Arboretum on Saturday 22 November as part of the Strathbogie CMN Wild Strathbogie Festival. Seen in the Arb were a piano-playing platypus, an acrobatic wallaby and a joke-telling kookaburra (courtesy of the kids and their Puppet Theatre). But where were the hosts? There was not a butterfly to be seen!

DSCN3229-273x300Proceedings got underway with the Violet Town Primary School Puppet Theatre performing The Big Tree (pictured left). In the show, Australian animals competed in a talent contest…but the sly fox’s trick was to turn a lovable wombat puppet into blood and guts! The happy ending saw the nasty fox get trapped in a cage. All the adults and children alike loved it.

DSCN3252-176x300Not to be outdone, the puppets were followed by Carmelina the Connie (right) belting out a song to lament the demise of Melbourne’s tram conductors. I’m sure some of the audience were young enough not to even known what a conductor was. Carmelita continued to entertain throughout the day distributing swap cards featuring Australian fauna and sharing great stories about each of the animals.

For those young or young at heart, there were a variety of activities to try. Jen the Face-painter turned kids of all sizes into the garish and the gruesome. Rod the Kite-man showed us how to build simple kites, and fly them. Kids coloured in nylon butterfly kites, and Rod gave handy hints for how to fly them with almost no wind.

Over in the ‘Hilton’ marquee, Janet, Cathy, helpers and kids bashed bits of pipe of all sizes and materials into wooden boxes to make ‘insect hotels’ to hang in the garden. There will be no shortage of bug accommodation in Euroa’s backyards now.

DSCN3335-173x300And there were butterfly nets for catching butterflies! But since all the butterflies stayed at home, catch of the day has to go to William, pictured left, with his prized Anolpognathus (Christmas Scarab).

And for a more scientific look at butterflies, Andrea Canzano presented a very colourful and informative slide show of the species found in our area.

But where had those Euroa butterflies gone? I don’t know, but on the Landscape Discovery (geology) tour run by Bertram Lobert and Neil Phillips the very next day over at Swanpool, there were butterflies galore.…

Farm Dams for Wildlife

1-300x225Everyone needs to drink – whether you are human, cow, sheep, bird or frog. Unfortunately, not everyone likes to share their water with all of the listed animals! Longwood Plains Conservation Management Network have started their farm dams for wildlife project – fencing a selection of farm dams across the Longwood Plains from stock and improving habitat values for wildlife. This includes creating some shallows, placing logs and rocks, adding aquatic vegetation and some surrounding shrubs to improve conditions for birds and frogs, amenity and water quality.

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERAA group of Longwood landholders came to visit the Euroa Arboretum on Monday night, 18th November to have a look at a wetland in progress, (built in October 2012). Some of the key features noted were the shallow scrapes that are wet through winter, but dry throughout summer. While they look less appealing without water, mud flat provide a great place to forage if you happen to be a wading bird, and allow a whole sequence of new plants to grow as the mud dries. Of note at the Arb wetlands is the Old Man Weed, (Centipedia cunninghamii) that has taken off on its own – a favourite of Traditional Owners for its healing ability. Semi submerged plants provide refuge for invertebrates and frogs, and adjacent shrubs are great for small birds. With the Common Tussock Grass, (Poa labilliadiera) in seed at the moment, Diamond Firetails are periodically visiting to make the most of the seed.…

When a leaf isn’t (Part 1)

When you walk around the Euroa Arboretum you will see wattles with a whole range of leaf shapes. In reality very few wattles have leaves. Most have what are technically called ‘phyllodes’ (pronounced ‘fi-lodes’ where ‘fi’ rhymes with ‘pie’).

diagram (1)The photo left shows the structure of a typical plant. It has a stem, and a stalk that attaches the leaf to the stem. This stalk is called a petiole. Wattles like the Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) and Silver Wattle (Acacai dealbata) show this structure. In many wattles, however, the stalk or petiole becomes modified and the leaves fall off. The resulting structure is called a phyllode—a modified stalk. The phyllode is an adaption to reduce transpiration losses (water losses) in a dry climate.

golden-wattle
Golden Wattle (Acacia pycnantha)

For the Golden Wattle (Acacia pycnantha) the phyllode looks like a broad, flat leaf. In the Spreading Wattle (Acacia genistifolia) the phyllode is spine-shaped. And you can get a whole range of shapes in between.

 

Interestingly, most acacias start off with leaves, but as they mature the phyllode develops. If you look in The Arb’s nursery you’ll see plenty of examples of young seedlings with the leaves growing out of the already modified stalk. These leaves eventually drop off.

Confused? Don’t be. If it’s all too scientific, call them leaves. Everyone will know what you are talking about. But check out The Arb, especially the nursery. It’s got loads of phyllodes.

Acacia seedling with modified stalk and leaves
Acacia seedling with modified stalk and leaves
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Princess in a strange land

silver-princessIn the olden days, princesses were political assets—married off to unite kingdoms, stop wars and create allegiances. There were many princesses living in lands that were not of their birth.

In the vegetation island created in the picnic area carpark at the Euroa Arboretum, there is also a princess in a strange land — a Silver Princess, Eucalyptus caesia. Silver Princess is endemic to granite outcrops in a restricted area of the central Wheatbelt region of south Western Australia, and is currently classed as rare. This tree was planted at the Arb before the plan was developed to use only locally native plants.

red-wattlebird

Currently the tree is in full bloom with very spectacular red-pink flowers. The eponymous ‘silver’ refers to the white powder that covers the branches, flower buds and fruit. At the moment the flowers are the epicentre of ‘Wattlebird Wars’, the seasonal battle between the territorial Red Wattlebirds (Anthochaera carunculata), pictured right, and all-other-comers for control of nectar supplies.

This Silver Princess is probably one of the best examples of the species east of the Nullarbor. Big call? Come to the Euroa Arboretum and make up your own mind…

It’s not just about the trees

australasian-darter-anhinga-novaehollandiae
Australasian Darter (Anhinga novaehollandiae)

The word arboretum comes from the Latin meaning ‘tree-garden’ – arbor means tree and –etum is a suffix used to form the names of gardens and woods. In the truest sense of the word, an arboretum is a collection of trees. A collection of shrubs is called a fruticetum (from the Latin word frutex,

great-cormorant-phalacrocorax-carbo
Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo)

meaning shrub). The Euroa Arboretum should therefore be more correctly known as the Euroa Arboretum and Fruticetum—a bit of a mouthful. I think I prefer ‘The Arb’.

But this site is not just about the trees (and shrubs). The vegetation frames an environment that contains a wealth of living

Australian Pelican (Pelecannus conspicillatus)

organisms—like birds. The Arb’s woodlands attract a great variety of birds, and yet more bird species visit and live in the developing wetlands and adjoining lake. The photos show a few wetland birds photographed within a couple of hours on a sunny afternoon at The Arb.

australian-wood-duck-chenonetta-jubata
Australian Wood Duck (Chenonetta jubata)

So if you have the itch to twitch you can satisfy that urge at the Euroa Arboretum (and Fruticetum and Aviary and Insectarium). I made the last one up!

Australian Pelican (Pelecannus conspicillatus)…

Euroa Arboretum attends launch of Indigenous Architecture and Design Victoria

by Kate Stothers

Members of the Euroa Arboretum staff and committee of management accepted a recent invitation to attend the launch of Indigenous Architecture and Design Victoria. The event was held at the Robin Boyd House in South Yarra. IADV was officially launched by the Hon. Ted Bailleau, an architect by training. Mr Rueben Berg, CEO of IADV, expressed excitement at the potential of this organisation. “Architecture is the one remaining ‘art’ that Indigenous people are still to conquer. As for the others – painting, theatre, music – we punch well above our weight. Currently, however there are only seven qualified architects in Australia.”

(l to r) Hon Ted Bailleau launches IADV, Jefa Greenaway (IADV Director), Linda Kennedy (student supprted by IADV), CEO Rueben Berg
(l to r) Hon Ted Bailleau launches IADV, Jefa Greenaway (IADV Director), Linda Kennedy (student supprted by IADV), CEO Rueben Berg

There is a lot of potential for partnerships between IADV and the Euroa Arboretum. The Euroa Arboretum has been in discussion with Rueben Berg about the potential for developing a conference and education centre on site. While the concept is still in the embryonic stage, the Euroa Arboretum hopes to continue the conversation with IADV and local indigenous communities. Rueben said “In order to keep our stories alive, we need to share them. Building and design can play a prominent role in this.” Reflecting indigenous and local stories in the design of a building at the Euroa Arboretum would help give this unique area a deeper sense of place.…